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16 - Baseball 1st Period

base ball (baseball English) is a team sport played between two teams of 9 players each. It is considered one of the most popular sports in the U.S., Japan (reigning WBC), Canada, South Korea (Olympic champions), Taiwan, Cuba (current Pan American champion), Australia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama , Puerto Rico, South Africa Netherlands, Dominican Republic, Italy (European champion), Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The countries of the sport powers are concentrated in the Americas (North, Central, Caribbean and South) and Asia, with European and African continents laggards, while Europe has two good examples such as Holland and Italy and in Africa only include the selection of South Africa with some good talent. is played on a large field of natural grass or artificial (except the area where the offensive players to reach the bases are located in the corners of the square area called the diamond, and record, called Corridor line, and the pitcher's area where the terrain is a ridge of land). The object is to hit a ball with a bat (batting), moving through the field and run around the infield dirt (infield) seeking to achieve the greatest possible number of bases to give back to the base from which was hit (home) and get both known and record the run, while defensive players looking for a ball hit to kill the player who hit the ball or other runners, they come first before any of the bases and get career scoring ( Rules for more details see the game.)

The team scoring the most careers within the nine (9) episodes, called the meeting lasting innings, is who wins. If at the end of nine innings scores level is still a regular racing, the meeting is extended as necessary for there to be a winner, according to the rules of the game there is no tie, allowed only in amateur leagues and children to limit wear players.

Unlike other sports that are played with balls, like soccer, which is also known as football or basketball, also known as basketball, despite that "baseball" could be translated into English, the custom of using English as root, it could give the appearance of a name phonetically strange: the translation should be pelotabase or bolabase, although in some English-speaking countries is usually colloquially referred to as the ball game or just ball.

On the other hand, one of the distinguishing features of other baseball team sports, is that this defense is the one with the ball.

Playground

The starting point of the action Game begins at home , an irregular pentagon 17-inch rubber with two adjacent sides of 8-1/2 inches (21.6 cm) and two sides coincide with the foul lines 12 inches (30.48 cm) (defined in the rulebook as a

foot square "filled with two angles).

[ 1 ] ^{On each side of home are batting boxes. The infield starts at the point of the home in which two 12-inch sides meet at right angles, which is in a corner of a ninety-foot box side. The other three corners of the field, in reverse order of the plate, in reverse to clockwise are called first base, second base and third base. Three runs of canvas bags fifteen inches (38 cm) per side mark the three bases. These three bags along with home up the four bases in the corners of the infield.} A feature on the bases is that the home , and pockets of the first and third base are wholly within ninety square feet square. They are positioned this way to help the referees, and any batted ball that hits those bases must necessarily be in fair territory. The home

has its peculiar way to help the referee to judge whether a release

passes home on or not, that is, if it passes through the strike zone. The second base bag, which is fully within fair territory , is positioned so that its center coincides exactly with the corner or "point" of the ninety-foot infield square. Thus, although the "points" of the bases are 90 feet away, the real physical distance between each base pair marker is closer to 88 feet.

The lines from home plate to first and third bases, extending to the fence (the pitch limit) station, they are known as foul lines

. The area between (and including) the foul lines is fair

territory, the rest is foul territory. The area around the square formed by the bases is called the infield, just outside the infield is the outfield. In most of the baseball fields are enclosed by a fence which marks the outer edge of the outfield. The fence is usually set at a distance of 300 to 410 feet (90 to 125 m) from the home

. Most baseball fields are professional and collegiate foul pole on each side (right and left). These posts are located at the intersection of the foul lines and the respective ends of the outfield fence. Another common feature baseball field is a security track, a dirt road that follows the outer edge of the outfield at the fence that serves to warn outfielders following a fly over its proximity to the wall. Infield

The infield infield or polygon is a square of 90 feet (27.43 m) square at the ends of the bases are located.

First base

First Base (1B) is the first of the four bases that must be touched (while running) for a batsman to score a run. In contrast to the second and third base, allowed a runner to overrun first base without being in danger of being taken out of play (out), after contact is made with the base, provided that the broker does not make the attempt to move on base in advance. A batter who accumulates four balls bad or is beaten by a shot is automatically allowed to move to first base. Second baseman

Second Base (2B

) is the second of four seasons in a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a runner on base to score a run. The second base is usually defended by the second baseman and shortstop

(SS

.) A runner on second base is said to "scoring position" due to the high probability of reaching home plate and make a career from the ground up with the most hits . Since the second base is the one farthest from home, is the most common objective of stolen base. Third baseman

The third base (3B

) is the third of four bases a runner must touch in a series to score a run. Many fly balls, including some who in other circumstances could be considered weak (like a fly

of sacrifice ) can allow a broker, however, arrive at home and score a run from third base, provided that the third and final out not register before they can reach home. A runner on third base, therefore, is particularly valuable for the batting team when less than 2 outs were recorded. Home

The

home is the last base that a player has to play to score a run. Unlike other bases, the home

is a pentagon of material harder than the pads, usually rubber or rubber, with beveled edges that rises only slightly above ground level.

batting box and receiver box

The batting cage is where the batter is prepared to receive a release

of
pitcher. It is usually drawn with lime in the soil around the home

. There are two batting cages, a left-handed hitters and right-handed, but serve the same purpose. A right-handed hitter stands in the box located on the left side of the plate from the perspective of the receiver and the umpire. A left-handed batter will stand in the box to your right. A batter may only occupy a box in every at-bat (No switch-hitter can change the batter's box and will automatically be put out). pitcher can not make a release as any part of the batter's body is touching the ground outside the batter's box. Once you have entered the box, the batter at any time you want to leave the box once the pitcher has put his foot on the mound rubber, you must first ask the referee for a timeout.

The receiver box or catcher behind the home

. The catcher (abbreviated

C) is the player who places himself on the defensive behind and get home the balls thrown by the pitcher not to be struck by the batter. It is the same size as the batters box and cited in lime. The umpire may also have a box. foul poles

The purpose of the foul poles to help the referees (umpires) to decide whether a fly ball (a high) that has been batted above the fence is foul (out of play) or fair (a home run

). The poles are a vertical extension of the foul lines. Both objects are used to determine if a ball is foul or fair, but the names are misleading, because both lines and poles are actually within fair territory. Before

1920, the foul lines were "infinite" means any high over the fence had to land in fair territory, or spend as fair "when he saw it for the last time the referee, that could be run. The rule was changed to be taken at the time when the ball went over the fence. So you hit a high foul pole above the fence is a home run, regardless of where the ball go after, and a high pass over the outfield fence in fair area is home run regardless of where they may. The posts are usually much higher than the top of the fence, and often have a narrow screen inward to guide the umpires. Similarly, even with the poles, can be a difficult decision in stages with no platform in the outfield to help the prospect.

pitcher's mound

In the center of the diamond is discovered elevated mound of grass called (also the hill or mound

) of the launcher. On the mound, there is a piece of white rubber, called the pitcher's plate or commonly the rubber, six inches (15 cm) deep and two feet (61 cm) wide the distance from the rubber to the front of the home is exactly sixty feet six inches (18.4 m). This peculiar distance was set by the makers of the rules in 1893, not because of a mistake but by design. In a baseball field, the pitcher's mound is a section located in the middle of the diamond where the pitcher stands when making the release mechanism.

In Major League Baseball, regulation mound is 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter, with the center 59 feet (18.0 m) from the back of the home

in the line between home

and second base. The front edge of the rubber is 18 inches (45.7 cm) behind the center of the mound, which causes the front edge of the midpoint is at 60 feet 6 inches (18.4 m) from the back of the home . Six inches (15.2 cm) in front of the pitcher's mound begins to slope down from it. The top of the rubber should not exceed ten inches (25.4 cm) above the home in elevation. Since 1903 to 1968, the height limit was 15 inches, but was often slightly higher, sometimes as high as 20 inches (50.8 cm), in particular in the stadiums of the teams did emphasis on pitching, as the Los Angeles Dodgers, who were reputed to have the highest mound in the majors. A pitcher will bear down on the rubber with his foot to gain speed toward the plate at launch. In addition, a higher mound generally favors the pitcher. With the height advantage, the pitcher gains more leverage and can put more speed on the descent of the ball, making it harder for the batter to give the ball squarely with the bat. The reduction of the mound in the year 1969 was intended to "increase the batting" once again, as the first pitch

had become increasingly dominant, reaching its than the previous year, 1968 is known among baseball historians as "The Year of the Pitcher." This restrictive rule apparently did its job, contributing to the surge of modern baseball batting.

A mound is difficult to maintain for caregivers of the land. Usually before every game is sprayed with water to prevent dust from spreading.

line between bases

is the direct route-a straight line, between two adjacent bases.

Although not drawn in lime or paint in the field (though foul lines drawn), the path between the bases is a region within three feet (0.9 meters) from the line of bases, base runners are forced to move on this path, however, a rider can go anywhere when you're not trying to play on it . At the moment the defense begins to try to make a strong play on the runner, its displacement must be in the baseline established as a straight line from your current location to the base you are trying to reach. The broker shall not deviate more than three feet away from this line in an attempt to avoid a move against him, if he does, is automatically put out

.

source wikipedia

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